▲ On April 14, 2019, the 17th China International Talent Exchange Conference opened in Shenzhen. More than 4000 professional institutions and organizations from more than 50 countries and regions, more than 40000 government representatives at home and abroad, experts and scholars, and high-end talents were invited to participate in the conference. Photographed by Mao Siqian, a reporter from Xinhua News Agency
 
Reporter Zhou Ke and Huang Yao
 
Since the establishment of the Special Zone in 1980, when the population was less than 30000, the actual management population has exceeded 20 million. It has become the largest immigrant city in China, attracting countless people.
 
Over the past 40 years, from loess to high-rise buildings, this city has developed at an amazing speed with convenient facilities and fine governance, which almost epitomizes all the Chinese people's imagination of a "developed" city.
 
Here is like a hotbed for dreams to "breed". The sky above the city is full of "success bubbles" that are within reach, as if you can just stand on tiptoe.
 
Not afraid of mistakes, not afraid of being independent, not afraid of making bold breakthroughs, but afraid of having no ideas, being lazy to try and make mistakes, and being tired of struggle.
 
Rather than fulfilling many people's dreams, it is the brave, hardworking and intelligent people who have shaped the city's personality and style of innovation, individuality, excellence and tolerance for failure.
 
This is Shenzhen. They are everyone who has made Shenzhen a success.
 
pioneer
 
When getting on the train to Guangzhou, Du Xianfang did not know what was waiting for him.
 
It was the spring of 1983. Du Xianfang, 18, and dozens of colleagues set out from Jingmen, Hubei Province, to a "newly enclosed place". At that time, it was only 4 years since the establishment of Shenzhen, and less than 3 years since the establishment of the Special Economic Zone.
 
They are construction workers of China Construction Third Engineering Bureau. After tossing and turning to the destination, unexpected dust came to my face. "The place is very small, the road is very narrow, and it is so dilapidated that it doesn't look like a city at all." This is Du Xianfang's first impression of Shenzhen.
 
They were then assigned to the construction site of the International Trade Center. Due to the shortage of staff, the painting team, which was half girls, was all changed into steel workers. "Every day we go to the processing plant to count the steel, and then transport it to the operating platform, and then bind it." Du Xianfang said that at the beginning, he worked hard with the master, and did not know that he was participating in the construction of China's first high-rise.
 
Soon, the standard layer began to use slip form construction, which is a method to save time and materials in the concrete pouring stage. Du Xianfang bound the rebar in the narrow space below the gantry. The sliding formwork shall be lifted by 20cm every half hour, during which not only the steel bar workers shall complete the binding, but also the concrete shall be driven into it immediately.
 
Continuously slide upward along the surface of the solidified concrete, and the slipform improves the construction efficiency, but the process cannot be stopped. "Most of the time, they either get exposed to the sun or get caught in the rain. In hot days, they step on the steel plate and jump straight. When it rains, they just take off their gloves and rely on a pair of flesh hands to 'fight' against the steel bars." Du Xianfang said, "When they get off work, their clothes are all rusty. The happiest thing is to eat small cakes and drink soda every day."
 
They live in a simple shed made of bamboo near the construction site. They have almost no other furniture except beds. They are nicknamed "Bamboo Garden Hotel". This is the collective memory of Shenzhen builders in their early years. Huang Haiqing, a railway worker who came to Shenzhen earlier than Du Xianfang, recalled: "There is really no place to live, only bamboo can be used, and there is no electric fan in the hot summer."
 
At first, a monorail railway leading to Guangzhou and a wooden bridge connecting Hong Kong became a rare connection between Shenzhen and the outside world. On the nearly deserted land, Huang Haiqing commanded more than 30 transport vehicles to and from and transport materials. Builders and engineers from all over the country flocked to the city and slowly connected the city. Single track to double track, wooden bridge to new bridge, until the road network connecting inside and outside is built.
 
The work and life are simple, simple and hard, and these young people who have just left their hometown have no time to think too much, but Du Xianfang is still "involved" in a historical miracle - with the gradual proficiency in the use of slip form construction technology, the speed of floor construction continues to accelerate, creating the speed of "one floor in three days".
 
"The sliding mode never stopped, and we never stopped, so we wanted to finish it quickly." She said, "At that time, we were young and energetic. We only slept for a few hours for three days, and we had to continue working after a while."
 
At the end of 1985, the International Trade Building was completed. It took 37 months to win the title of the highest building in China with a height of 160 meters. Since then, "three days and one floor" has become a symbol of Shenzhen's speed. Myths and miracles have opened the door for Shenzhen to dare and fight.
 
Seven years later, Deng Xiaoping boarded the revolving restaurant on the 53rd floor of the International Trade Building, where he delivered the important content of the Southern Talk.
 
In just a few years after the completion of the International Trade Building, Shenzhen has begun to show the "clue" of commercial development. Young tall buildings and streets are surging with "waves" full of opportunities, attracting people from all corners of the world eager to try.
 
Zhang Qingjie came to Shenzhen from his hometown Shantou with a 28 bicycle by saying "Do you want to go there?". Luohu District, where some buildings have been built, has a small scale of economic development, and the night is still lively, which makes him feel new and excited.
 
"I feel that there is business everywhere." Zhang Qingjie decided to sell fruit with his bicycle and a small amount of capital. Early in the morning, he cycled to Shekou Wharf, 30km away, to buy goods, and then rode back to Luohu. After two or three months of trouble, he took a fancy to the daily necessities and clothing market. "At first, I could only afford to rent a small corner in front of other people's shops. I stacked paper boxes and sold some pants. Later, it gradually improved." He said, "At that time, it was not difficult to do business as long as you dared to try."
 
In the 1990s, Zhang Qingjie has opened dozens of small shopping malls, mainly engaged in clothing and electrical appliances. With the rapid growth of the number of employees, management problems have followed. "At that time, I brought two or three hundred fellow villagers from my hometown. In order to stimulate everyone's enthusiasm, I set up an incentive mechanism." He said that by giving 30% of the profits every month to reward the old employees, the results were very good.
 
Soon, Zhang Qingjie's business territory expanded to the undeveloped Nanshan District. He wanted to open a department store, but found that there were no residents around. Instead, there were some buildings that were not built well. He simply turned to household building materials. "I have gathered many household brands in my store, like a supermarket, to meet everyone's different needs." Zhang Qingjie, with the correct "moves", has since followed Shenzhen's urban development path to "open up new territories", where to build a house, the store will be opened, and slowly build his own "commercial building".
 
Today, Shenzhen is no longer the field ditch described by the name "Zhen". The fish ponds and villages that once dotted around are replaced by wide roads and tall buildings. Many pioneers who "built tall buildings" together with Shenzhen chose to settle down here, making their lives more closely linked with the city.
 
Every time Du Xianfang, who has retired, goes to the World Trade Center, he always thinks of the extraordinary years in those years. "I always tell my daughter proudly, look, this piece was built by my mother."
 
Endeavour
 
When Cheng Yimu came to Huaqiang North in 1991, this area was still like an industrial zone. Standing at the intersection of Huaqiang North and looking to the north, there are many factories, but the SEG electronic market where he works is still busy. He had no idea that the 900 meter long block of the main road would become the largest electronic market in China with numerous shops and crowds.
 
In the 1990s, Huaqiang North seemed to have a magic power. As soon as any new electronic product arrived here, relevant accessories, assembly and sales quickly gathered, and then spread in the national market. Shenzhen's loose market economic environment, coupled with the fact that the electronic product market is still a "blue ocean", seems that every component is throwing out an olive branch. As long as it "enters the market", the benefits will appear. Merchants are constantly looking for business opportunities, supporting industrial chains, opening up the market, and gradually pushing Huaqiangbei to the top of the industry.
 
Chen Haisheng rented a shop in Huaqiang North in 1994, selling video recorders, VCDs and fax machines. "Before many people came to Shenzhen for business, they had to take an electric appliance home. The daily shipment was very large, and people lined up before the door opened in the morning." He said, "At that time, business was simple, and if you were brave, you would have a chance."
 
However, the "bonus" brought by the opportunity did not last too long. With more and more stores, the competition naturally became fiercer. Chen Haisheng began to find a new way out. He opened a fax machine assembly plant, but due to the lack of core technology, the quality has not been up to standard, two years later, the factory announced closure.
 
Back in Huaqiangbei, Chen Haisheng decided to go upstream and make electronic components. "Before, an electronic product could sell for two or three thousand yuan, and one component was less than a penny." But Chen Haisheng, who had no choice but to change his career, quickly found that "this market is really big, components are just needed, and all electronic products are indispensable, just like people rely on rice."
 
Chen Haisheng, who has experience in opening a factory, realized the importance of quality and brand. "Our initial products were leaded, but after contacting foreign processing plants, they told me that the EU standard would be lead-free in the future, so I made up my mind to dispose of the products containing lead at one time." He believed that the difference between choosing lead and lead-free was whether I wanted to do business or business.
 
Chen Haisheng, who "went all the way to darkness", then witnessed the "highlight" moment of PHS, mobile phones, computers, etc. in Huaqiangbei. The prosperity of the mobile phone market has pushed Huaqiang North to the top. At the peak, 80% of all buildings were occupied by mobile phone companies.
 
Tu Hao is one of them. "At first, we rented the counter and sold about 2000 units a month. One year later, when we rented the store, the monthly delivery volume broke ten thousand." Huaqiang Beizhai mobile phones "grew crazily" and almost monopolized the national market. After the "peak", he ushered in a sharp decline, but he was already prepared.
 
"Before I went on a business trip, I found that it was impossible to do without my own brand, but big brands have occupied the domestic market, and it is difficult to break through." So he turned his attention to South America. With strong endurance, affordable price and TV viewing ability, Tu Hao quickly captured the preference of local consumers.
 
"Early South Americans liked full keyboards because they were used to typing with keys. I designed the appearance according to their preferences, and then installed an antenna to watch the game as soon as it was pulled out." With his keen insight into the market and the complete industrial chain of Huaqiang North, Tu Hao gradually opened the market in South America. With the upgrading of mobile phones, he also began to develop tablet computers, Bluetooth speakers and other products. Last year, his company's sales reached 300 million dollars.
 
Tu Hao attributed his successful transformation to "market driven". The early Huaqiangbei indeed gave too many people opportunities. Facing the market opportunity of "falling from the sky", as long as we work hard and forge ahead, we can gain. However, as time goes by, Huaqiangbei's secret of success has added higher requirements for brand thinking, R&D innovation, marketing methods, strategic planning, etc.
 
"Full of opportunities" was the "breath" of every inch of land in Shenzhen at that time, but there was always more than one road to success, and thousands of enterprisers showed their skills on their respective tracks.
 
He Penglin was an apprentice in an automobile repair shop when the "Chen Haisheng Men" "stirred up the storm" in Huaqiangbei. At the beginning, he could only follow the example of his master, and did not know the principle of various auto parts he held in his hands every day. However, he Penglin, who was eager to learn, still found books. At night, he untied the parts he had put down in the workshop and found them one by one.
 
"For example, if the engine is weak, it is the ignition system or the fuel injection system. According to the principle, you can find the fault point in two or three steps. But if you don't understand, you can only replace the parts one by one, which is very wasteful." He Penglin, who is dedicated to studying cars, just wants to improve his skills as soon as possible, because "as a teacher, your salary can rise a lot".
 
He welcomed opportunities in the seventh year with simple ideas. "There was a driver who saw me doing a good job and knew how to repair and repair circuits, so he introduced me to a technology company to install GPS." He Penglin said that once the product was installed in the car, it might cause problems, and he was responsible for solving the compatibility problem between electronic equipment and the vehicle, "with a sense of achievement". Once on a business trip to Gansu, the car radio started to drive the wiper. He added a filter circuit based on his experience, which really solved the problem.
 
He likes to ask the university graduates of the research and development team, "I used to go to the library to turn over books when I met problems, but now I can know what is going on."
 
After that, he went to a company that produced automobile fault diagnosis instrument, mainly assisting engineers in product development. His rich practical experience makes him a "bridge" between the repair shop and engineers. "If the repair shop can't repair the car, it will come to me. It's all difficult and complicated. I will help engineers find the 'crux' with my experience." This period has become the time when He Penglin's repair technology has made the fastest progress.
 
In 2005, He Penglin participated in the Shenzhen Automobile Maintenance Technician Vocational Skills Competition and won the first prize of Automobile Maintenance Electrician and directly obtained the certificate of senior technician. Honors brought by technology came one after another. In 2012, He Penglin became a person enjoying special allowance from the State Council. "I didn't expect that I could get this honor as a senior high school student," he said. It was the city's inclusive atmosphere and opportunities that made him successful.
 
Over the years, He Penglin has been developing an active braking system in the blind area, hoping to solve the problem of frequent accidents in the blind area of large muck trucks. "The places where muck trucks go are usually quite complex, and there is no reference in the industry for what kind of sensors should be chosen. We basically succeeded in testing cars in the spring of 2018, but it was totally different when we switched to big cars." After many experiments, they finally customized a radar suitable for proximity sensing, and installed sensors under the right side of the cab and on both sides of the front bumper, Induction of people and electric vehicles in the blind area when large vehicles start and turn right, automatic braking to avoid accidents.
 
He Penglin believes that this is his "purpose of striving and self realization" in this city, "because it protects the safety of every family".
 
Subversive
 
"The world is three-dimensional, and all terminals can understand the world through three-dimensional." When Huang Yuanhao said this at the beginning of his entrepreneurship, few people believed it.
 
Huang Yuanhao, a doctor of optical measurement, spent 10 years in seven international research institutes, studying multiple subdivisions. "I have been studying 3D imaging and measurement since 2002, and I think I will definitely go to ordinary people's homes in the future." Based on this belief, in 2013, he founded Aobi Zhongguang Technology Co., Ltd. in Shenzhen, specializing in 3D sensing technology.
 
This is a company that provides 3D vision sensor hardware and solutions, but at the initial stage, there are only 20 people, five of whom are responsible for chip research.
 
In a 260 square meter office in Shenzhen International Student Entrepreneurship Building, Huang Yuanhao, wearing dust-proof clothes and goggles, fiddles with measuring instruments and record boards on his desk to create his own three-dimensional world from scratch. "Chips, modules... the research and development of each core component is completed in this space." He said that at the beginning, tens of millions of dollars were invested every year, but the product and income were zero. The money on the account was only enough to last three or four months in the most difficult times.
 
But complex technologies have always required time, effort and patience. Huang Yuanhao has a more acute market vision. In 2015, he judged that in the near future, mobile phones will also use 3D cameras. Among them, the 3D camera of structured light scheme performs well in close distance measurement within one meter, which is a good choice to realize face brushing payment, unlocking and other functions.
 
They decisively made the structured light scheme and prototype